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Appraisal
the act of examining someone or something in order to judge their qualities, success, or needs
解釋為「評估、評價」。通常是經過一群具有專業的人士來做認定,例如:房產、汽車。
ex. Property appraisals 房地產評估,必須經由具有專業證照或專門機構(如銀行)來進行。
例句:Property appraisals are conducted by state-licensed appraisers, typically by a financial institution that is serving as a mortgage lender.
ex. Medical appraisal 醫學鑑定、醫療評估
ex. Job appraisal 工作績效評估
Assessment
the act of judging or deciding the amount, value, quality, or importance of something, or the judgment or decision that is made
也是估值、評價、診斷,assessment和evaluation,相較於appraisal來說,比較沒那麼嚴謹。
assessment 是使用過去資料和數據以後得出來的評估結果,目的是提高個體的效率或水準,被用在財稅、教育、心理學和人力資源等等,所以assesment通常包含正面與負面評價,所以又被認為是相對客觀的。
ex. financial assessment 財務評估
ex. assessment of learning 學習評估
ex. Career Assessment Inventory(CAI) 職業(診斷)評估表
Evaluation
to judge or calculate the quality, importance, amount, or value of something
估價、評判、衡量。evaulation相對appraisal來說更具主觀性,主要來自於Value一詞,依照過去發生的事實來作為「判斷」結果,好與壞?是否有用?具有總結的效果。
比較語意:
Job appraisal
Job assessment
Job evaluation
參考資料:
Understanding Appraisal Vs. Assessment